E coli tRNA coding for glutamate TTC anti-codon
E. coli tRNA-Glu (TTC) is one of three glutamate tRNA isoacceptors in E. coli and carries the TTC anticodon, which decodes GAA glutamate codons during translation. It is charged by glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS), a Class I monomeric aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that shares an evolutionarily ancient relationship with glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS), both having diverged from a common ancestral non-discriminating GluRS. A defining feature of E. coli GluRS is its strict tRNA-dependence for amino acid activation: in the absence of tRNA-Glu, ATP binds in a non-productive configuration that prevents glutamylation, and only upon tRNA binding does the ATP binding mode switch to the catalytically competent conformation. The identity elements for GluRS recognition are unusually distributed: in addition to anticodon bases U34, U35, and C36 and the acceptor stem pair G1·C72 and U2·A71, the primary determinants are clustered in the "augmented D helix", specifically the U11·A24 base pair, the U13·G22·A46 base triple, and the absence of nucleotide 47 (Δ47). This is the only known tRNA system in which major identity determinants reside predominantly in the D-stem region rather than the anticodon or acceptor stem.
Applications:
1) RNAcentral ID: URS000037E2FF_511145
2) Sekine, S., Nureki, O., Sakamoto, K., Niimi, T., Tateno, M., Go, M., Kohno, T., Brisson, A., Lapointe, J. & Yokoyama, S. (1996). Major identity determinants in the "augmented D helix" of tRNA(Glu) from Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol. 256(4):685–700
3) Rogers, K.C. & Söll, D. (1993). Discrimination among tRNAs intermediate in glutamate and glutamine acceptor identity. Biochemistry 32(51):14210–14219
4) Sekine, S., Nureki, O., Shimada, A., Vassylyev, D.G. & Yokoyama, S. (2001). Structural basis for anticodon recognition by discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 8(3):203–206
5) Sekine, S., Shichiri, M., Bernier, S., Chênevert, R., Lapointe, J. & Yokoyama, S. (2006). Structural basis of tRNA-dependent amino acid recognition in GluRS. Structure 14(12):1791–1799. RCSB PDB: 2DXI
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